The concept of a national language was formed after the Spanish-America War in 1898, but it wasn't until 1936, a year after the formation of the Philippines Commonwealth, that the Institute of National Language was established. President Manuel Quezon declared Tagalog the national language in that year and the appropriate bill was incorporated into the Philippine constitution in 1946.
There were several other contenders for the role of the main language in this multilingual country - among them Cebuano, Hiligaynon and Ilocano. The compromises reached during the 1970s still hold; the constitution of 1973 confirms Filipino as the national language. It is based on Tagalog but contains certain linguistic elements from other Philippine languages. Since 1978 Filipino has been taught in schools and universities.
Gestures and Signs
As well as the spoken and written language, the Filipino use various gestures and signs.
* Instead of pointing with your finger, you indicate discreetly by pointing pursed lips in the direction you want.
* The hand movements which means "go away" to us signify "come here" in the Philippines.
* People used to hiss to gain attention, for example, when calling one of the waiters in a restaurant. Nowadays, it's not so common and may even cause of fence.
* The brief raising of the eyebrows is generally meant positively.
* When you want to pay the bill, look out for one of the waiters and draw a rectangle in the air with your index finger and thumb. Should the waiter or waitress be looking the other way, just hiss briefly or clap your hands two or three times. The bill is called a "chit" in the Philippines.
* The thumb is not used to indicate numbers; you indicate two beers, for example, with ring finger and the little finger.
* If Filipinos don't understand a question, they open their mouths